Motor unit recruitment during exercise. Except at relatively low forces, however, the .

Motor unit recruitment during exercise. Except at relatively low forces, however, the .

Motor unit recruitment during exercise. ~ 33 ~ Aug 1, 2024 · One-week quercetin intervention modifies motor unit recruitment patterns before and during resistance exercise in older adults: A randomized controlled trial Aug 26, 2011 · Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is commonly used in clinical settings to activate skeletal muscle in an effort to mimic voluntary contractions and enhance the rehabilitation of human skeletal muscles. 4; BOUCKAERT, JACQUES 1,2 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: February 2010 - Volume 42 - Issue 2 - p 402-408 doi: 10. non-failure on individual motor unit action potential We examined the motor unit action potential amplitude versus recruitment threshold relationship (MUAPAMP-RT) as an indicator of MU-specific hypertrophy following high-intensity exercise training in females. During exercise, there is a progressive reduction in the ability to produce muscle forces. The hypothesis was examined with an analytical description of transduction of motor unit spike trains into muscle force, a computational model of motor unit recruitment and rate coding, and experimental analysis of interspike interval variability during steady contractions with the abductor digiti minimi muscle. 4 Identify how exercise can enhance neuromuscular connections and […] During low-load contractions, initial motor unit recruitment is lower than under high-load conditions. How are motor units / muscle fibers recruited? Muscle failure is due to muscle fatigue. non-failure on individual motor unit action potential amplitude (MUAP) and surface electromyographic excitation (sEMG) during fatiguing contractions. The larger units produce a lot of force, they react quickly, but they are easily Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the order of motor unit recruitment in a high rep set? a. The present study reveals that trained cyclists demonstrate reduced mechanical efficiency in the ramp protocol and that this phenomenon is associated with an "overactivation" of muscle fibers. Background It is unclear whether chronically training close to volitional failure influences motor unit recruitment strategies during fatigue. Jan 25, 2022 · A Word From Verywell Warming up your body helps prepare you for the work ahead. Seven trials including 167 participants met the inclusion criteria. Oct 14, 2024 · Both low and high RIR training improved time-to-task failure, but resulted in comparable motor unit recruitment during fatiguing contractions. 2. This phenomenon is known as the size principle. Due to the key roles motor unit recruitment and mechanical tension play to induce muscle growth, when High-density electromyogram grids with 128 electrodes recorded the myoelectric activity during isometric ramp contractions to the target forces of 35%, 50% and 70% of maximal voluntary force. Twenty healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes. It also results in various physiological adaptations in the neuromuscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the human body. We examined the motor unit action potential amplitude versus recruitment threshold relationship (MUAP AMP -RT) as an indicator of MU-specific hypertrophy following high-intensity exercise training in females. Motor unit recruitment By increasing the number of active motor units, we can produce a steady increase in muscle force. Essentially, it refers to the ability to recruit motor units during exercise or activity. It is unclear whether chronically training close to volitional failure influences motor unit recruitment strategies during fatigue. Methods Nineteen resistance SEMMLER, J. The large effects of small changes in motoneuron discharge on resulting muscle tension are discussed in the context of exercise and disease. Over most of the operating range of a muscle, the nervous system controls muscle force by varying both motor unit recruitment and rate coding. It is also used as a tool in research to assess muscle performance and/or neuromuscular activation levels. Oct 23, 2023 · Get more from Chris Beardsley on PatreonMaximizing motor unit recruitment is key to maximizing hypertrophy. We found no evidence for the contribution of motor unit and capillary recruitment capacity of the upper arm muscles in adolescent and adult patients with SMA types 3 and 4 as primary limiting factors to premature fatigue during execution of a maximal arm-cycling task. Oct 3, 2017 · Abstract The force exerted by a muscle during a voluntary contraction depends on the number of motor units recruited for the action and the rates at which they discharge action potentials (rate coding). This analysis corresponds to an estimate of the input‐output of the motor neuron pool. 4; BOUCKAERT, JACQUES 1,2 Author Information Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: February 2010 - Volume 42 - Issue 2 - p 402-408 doi: 10. g. Think of this In brief, intense exercise, the associated greater excitatory input will also recruit the large MUs, taking advantage of their greater strength and contractile speed. Exerc. Methods 2. However, rotation among motor units of quite different sizes would increase the noise in motor output. Efficient recruitment is crucial for optimizing strength, endurance, and coordination during Keywords: ageing, axonal sprouting, exercise, motor unit, neuromuscular junction Abstract figure legend Ageing is associated with a loss of motoneurons, which results in the denervation of motor unit muscle fibres and their inability to contract. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Potential Sites of Adaptation of Neuromuscular System, Central Neural Adaptations to Anaerobic Training -- more recruitment of type2 mm fibers -- roughly 70% recruitment of mm tissue recruited for max contraction in untrained populations, 3 Adaptations of Motor Units to Anaerobic Training: and more. Regular exercise is an effective way to maintain health. Our fatigue assessment revealed reduced isometric torque steadiness and increased MUAP amplitude and sEMG excitation during the fatiguing task, but these changes were consistent between groups. Recruiting more motor units B The nervous system and its relation to exercise Learning outcomesBy the end of this section, you will be able to: 8. 9 Slow (type I), Fast (type IIa), and Fast (type IIb Abstract The force exerted by a muscle during a voluntary contraction depends on the number of motor units recruited for the action and the rates at which they discharge action potentials (rate coding). , 2009). Motor unit recruitment, firing frequency, and fatigue The central nervous system can increase strength of muscle contraction by: Increasing the number of active motor units. Type I →Type IIa →Type IIx, 2. White Fast; Red Fast; Red Slow, Depleting energy recruitment results in increased muscle energy storage, but minimizes the involvement and growth of the Aug 9, 2024 · Neuromuscular Adaptation Neuromuscular adaptation refers to the changes in the nervous system and muscles in response to consistent exercise or physical training, enhancing strength and coordination. Except at relatively low forces, however, the Feb 1, 2010 · Aerobic fitness, muscle efficiency, and motor unit recruitment during ramp exercise. Often, one motor neuron will innervate a large number of muscle fibers, and each muscle will consist of many muscle fibers. A 30% decline in maximal voluntary contractions was associated with a 23% increase in motor unit recruitment. Heterogeneity across studies undermines the quality of the evidence for multiple outcomes and affects the conclusions that can be drawn. Motor unit recruitment refers to the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle. Abstract The motoneuron part of this review deals with the changes in recruitment and firing rates of the motor unit types upon changes from a physically inactive life to endurance or strength training. High-load training tends to recruit a greater number of MUs of higher recruitment thresholds, promoting higher discharge rates and synchronization of MUs during muscle contractions. Muscle Fiber recruitment explained Muscle fiber recruitment, also known as motor unit recruitment, is a physiological process that occurs during weight resistance training and other forms of muscle contraction. The small units don’t produce much force, they are slow to act, and they are resistant to fatigue. Red Fast; White Fast; Red Slow c. Rev. [1] A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. In this way, it’s a measure of how many motor units – and consequently muscle fibers – are recruited Low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (LI BFR) has been shown to release substances that play a key role in neuroplasticity and may be effective in improving rehabilitation outcomes in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The orderly recruitment of motor units of the masseter and temporal muscle during voluntary isometric contraction in man. , Vol. Can You Explain Motor Unit Recruitment? Read more below from a former student and see if you can describe as well. Activating your central nervous system will boost your performance by increasing motor neuron recruitment and engaging your sympathetic nervous system so you can better handle the physical stressors ahead. Oct 31, 2013 · The size principle states that motor units will be recruited in order of size from smallest to largest depending upon the intensity. Dec 18, 2024 · What motor unit recruitment is and how it actually turns on muscle fibres How motor unit recruitment appears (or doesn’t) in concentric, and eccentric contractions The things that can reduce the amount of motor unit recruitment possible The things that can increase the amount of motor unit recruitment possible Oct 20, 2024 · Learn why tempo plays a critical role in maximizing strength, controlling muscle activation, and optimizing motor unit recruitment. Obviously exercises that involve larger and/or multiple muscle groups will have a higher total recruitment of muscle fibers, but I don’t see the benefit. Producing a maximal effort is essential, but we should not ignore that some factors can still greatly alter the level of motor unit recruitment during maximal efforts. During muscle fatigue, new motor units are recruited. Journal of Physiology (London), 1977, 265, 163–174. Large motor units are activated when slow motor units Aug 29, 2011 · Vandewalle and colleagues (1991) observed a parallel decline in power output and integrated EMG of the vastuslateralis (average values not reported by the authors) during a 45-second cycle sprint, and suggested a progressive attenuation of spatial and/or temporal recruitment of motor units during the exercise. To evaluate the effects of plyometric training on muscle-activation strategies and performance of the lower extremity during jumping exercises. , light, moderate, or heavy) or power requirements recruit different types and numbers of motor units. , linear increase in muscle excitation possibly due to increased recruitment of additional motor units). Researchers suggest that LI BFR engages high-threshold motor units even during low-intensity exercise, leading to increased motor unit end-state variability Graphic representation of the orderly recruitment of motor units during voluntary activation of skeletal muscle as described by Henneman et al. non-BFR: –44. These adaptations include improved motor unit recruitment, increased muscle fiber size, and efficient neuromuscular communication. LI BFR exercise also induced greater decrements in the linear slope coefficient of the regression lines between motor unit recruitment threshold and firing rate (BFR: –165. Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like 1. Mar 14, 2024 · What is the Henneman Size Principle in simple terms? The Henneman Size Principle explains how the nervous system activates and recruits these motor units during exercises. EIMD impairment of maximal voluntary force (MVC) will, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. During a progressive increase in exercise intensity, which of the following is true concerning motor unit recruitment? - Fast-twitch motor units are recruited first. Master Muscle Mechanics today! Mar 27, 2025 · Lifting at least 85% of one’s one-repetition maximum (1RM) has been shown to recruit a higher proportion of motor units, leading to greater neuromuscular adaptations (Sale, 1988). 1. However, there are fundamental differences between voluntary- and artificial Without further adieu, here is Training For Optimal Motor Unit Recruitment: Our duties as strength and conditioning coaches often fall into two categories: increasing general athleticism as it pertains to the sport at hand and decreasing the rate of injuries. Motor Unit Recruitment is very dependent on FORCE production needs of the muscle and proceeds from the ‘smallest‘ motor units (Type I) to ‘largest’ motor units (Type IIa and then to Type IIb/x). Jun 1, 2022 · Distinct cortical activities contribute to unilateral and bilateral motor control. In addition to impaired function of the motor system, 2. The muscle fibers react to prolonged exercise by adaptation to a higher level of performance. G. Aug 1, 2024 · One-week quercetin intervention modifies motor unit recruitment patterns before and during resistance exercise in older adults: A randomized controlled trial Jan 7, 2025 · For example, during maximal lifts, the nervous system increases both motor unit recruitment and firing frequency to generate peak force. Dec 1, 2006 · The purpose of this brief review is to examine the neural adaptations associated with training, by focusing on the behavior of single motor units. The motor unit recruitment and derecruitment thresholds, discharge rate, interspike intervals and estimates of synaptic inputs to motor neurons were assessed. White Fast; Red Slow; Red Fast d. LI BFR exercise also induced greater decrements in the linear slope coefficient of the regression lines between motor unit recruitment threshold and firing rate (BFR: -165. 1%, p<0. The order of motor unit recruitment during a skeletal muscle contraction of increasing force is: A. 05). The main observation is that while the subject attempted to maintain a constant force during the successive contractions, the task was accomplished with the recruitment of additional motor units and changes in the activation pattern of the motor unit (recruitment threshold and discharge rate). The ability to adapt through exercise training allows individuals to perform at the height of their sporting Dec 23, 2013 · Motor unit recruitment shows that we have some flexibility in the amount of weight and reps we use to gain strength and size. 1 Describe the role and functions of the nervous system 8. Apr 30, 2024 · Indeed, although 4 weeks of strength training combined with rapid contractions can improve maximal muscle force, some studies have shown minimal changes in the rate of force development and motor unit discharge characteristics during fast contractions (Del Vecchio, Negro, et al. 30, No. Recruitment of Motor Units Whereas rate coding refers to the frequency of action potentials, motor unit recruitment refers to the amount of motor units recruited during a muscle contraction. With light intensity exercise the Type I (slow twitch) motor units are recruited. 3). CES - CHAPTER 5 5. 0b013e3181b0f2e2 APPLIED SCIENCES Aug 27, 2024 · Muscle recruitment refers to the process by which the nervous system activates specific motor units within a muscle to produce varying degrees of force. May 22, 2025 · Explore Muscle Mechanics with insights on sliding filament theory, motor unit recruitment, and all-or-nothing principle. Therefore, we developed a phenomenological model of motor A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it stimulates. Purpose We compared resistance training to near volitional failure vs. Recruiting more motor units B May 1, 2022 · Resistance training is frequently performed with the goal of stimulating muscle hypertrophy. The recruitment follows the size principle, starting with smaller, fatigue-resistant units and progressing to larger, more powerful ones as needed. 1249/MSS. The review synthesizes current understanding on motor unit recruitment and rate coding during voluntary contractions, briefly describes the techniques us … The input–output gain of the motor neurons was estimated by computing the change in motor unit discharge rate during the plateau relative to that at recruitment (∆ DR) as a function of the change in force from recruitment to the plateau phase (∆ F). Jun 25, 2022 · Resistance exercise training (RET) is a key modality to enhance sports performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation, and improving overall health via increases in muscular strength. Apr 19, 2022 · Request PDF | Motor Unit and Capillary Recruitment During Fatiguing Arm-Cycling Exercise in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 3 and 4 | Background: Exercise intolerance is an important impairment in V. A greater understanding of how electrical stimulation recruits motor units, as well as the benefits and limitations of its use, is highly relevant when using this tool for testing and training in rehabilitation, exercise, and/or research. Motor unit recruitment is the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle. Because control of muscle is realized at the level of the motor unit (MU), it seems important to consider the physiological properties of motor units when attempting to understand and predict muscle fatigue. A frequent question is whether rapid, ballistic or explosive contractions and movements are associated with selective or preferential recruitment of large, fast twitch MUs. Keywords: resistance training, strength training, motor unit discharge rate, motor unit discharge rate variability, motor unit recruitment threshold, motor unit (MU) This is the all-or-none response of motor units. Participants were assigned to either a high-intensity exercise (EX, n = 9) or control (CON, n = 18) condition and completed pre- (PRE) and post-testing (POST) during which maximal Aug 1, 2024 · Abstract We investigated the effects of one-week quercetin ingestion on motor unit (MU) behavior and muscle contractile properties before, during, and after a single session of resistance exercise in older adults. May 9, 2018 · Aerobic Fitness, Muscle Efficiency, and Motor Unit Recruitment during Ramp Exercise BOONE, JAN 1,2; KOPPO, KATRIEN 3; BARSTOW, THOMAS J. However, motor unit firing behaviour throughout the recovery period is unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of repeated, high‐ (HT: 70% MVIC) versus low‐torque (LT: 30% MVIC) isometric exercise performed to failure on motor unit (MU) recruitment and firing behavior of the vastus lateralis. , 2019; Del Vecchio et al. Participants were assigned to either a Jul 3, 2008 · Currently, the best way to achieve this is through in vivo studies that relate recruitment to mechanics and behaviour. A weak muscle contraction implies that fewer motor units are activated, but each motor unit still develops its maximal tension. Aug 17, 2022 · The basics of the size principle Motor units are always recruited in an order from smallest to largest. Motor Unit Recruitment Motor unit recruitment depends on the force/resistance of the exercise. Another example of disrupted rank ordered recruitment is the activity of motor units during pain (Tucker et al. Conclusion: Both low and high RIR training improved time-to-task failure, but resulted in comparable motor unit recruitment during fatiguing contractions. Over time, resistance training improves the nervous system’s ability to synchronize these actions, resulting in greater strength. Oct 14, 2024 · Background It is unclear whether chronically training close to volitional failure influences motor unit recruitment strategies during fatigue. What is the name for the process of activating additional fibers of the muscle? A) musculation B) treppe C) recruitment D) additive myosination and more. At minimal levels of muscle contraction (innervation), muscle force is graded by changes in firing rate (rate coding) of individual motoneurons (MNs). 4±33. Our muscles are made up of motor units and muscle fibres of varying sizes, strengths and fibre type compositions. recruitment threshold relationship, and MU discharge rate vs. Mar 1, 2021 · Increases in motor neuron excitability after RT could also reduce motor unit discharge rate compensated by motor unit recruitment during prolonged submaximal exercise (Vila-Cha et al. Except at relatively low forces, however, the The capacity for human exercise performance can be enhanced with prolonged exercise training, whether it is endurance- or strength-based. Apr 1, 2005 · The authors believe the majority of evidence suggests that EMS-induced motor unit recruitment is nonselective and that muscle fibers are recruited without obvious sequencing related to fiber types. Motor unit synchronization and neuromuscular performance. The acute and chronic plasticity of motor unit synchronization suggests that it must represent a deliberate strategy for neuromuscular activation. . Our findings indicate that both low and high RIR training can be used to enhance fatiguability among previously resistance-trained adults. 0 (1 review) The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow optimal levels of motor unit recruitment and synchronization within a muscle. When the load is increased, the Type IIa (fast twitch) will be recruited with the help of the Type I fibers. The sEMG-based PWC FT has been applied to examine neuromuscular function during progressive exercise bouts to demarcate the onset of neuromuscular fatigue (i. Type I →Type IIx →Type IIa D. Discover how slow, controlled lifts can enhance performance in strongman, powerlifting, and beyond. Force production by a skeletal muscle can be increased by: A. Motor units are generally recruited in order of smallest to largest (smallest motor neurons to largest motor neurons, and thus slow to fast twitch) as contraction Motor unit recruitment is the process by which different motor units are activated to produce a given level and type of muscle contraction. 0b013e3181b0f2e2 Free Metrics Abstract Motor Unit Recruitment The motor unit is composed of a motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers. , 2012). Finally, there was a notable shift towards higher values of firing rate and MUAP amplitude post-LI BFR exercise. Apr 25, 2024 · The results of the motor unit analyses showed a positive and beneficial effect of the warm-up exercise, with an increase in both the mean firing rate and the recruitment threshold by about 56% and 33%, respectively, particularly in the agonist muscle. In the initial phase of exercise training, the central nervous system may have some reorganisation for increasing its number of motor units so that more force and precision can be achieved in movements. , 2022). Training with maximal loads forces the nervous system to improve motor unit recruitment, firing rates, and synchronisation, enhancing muscle growth and strength. Sport Sci. 1, pp 8–14, 2002. When considering the various properties of the motor units this makes sense. When we try to produce force, say to lift a barbell our muscles and nervous system (neuromuscular system) will Oct 23, 2010 · Since intentionally moving slowly during exercise involves less than a maximum effort wouldn’t it reduce motor unit recruitment and the effectiveness of the exercise? Abstract Muscle fatigue is a temporary decline in the force and power capacity of skeletal muscle resulting from muscle activity. Jul 19, 2024 · These protocols trigger distinct neuromuscular adaptations and motor unit (MU) recruitment strategies. A pretest and Apr 9, 2018 · Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with impaired muscle function and reduced neuromuscular recruitment. Efficient recruitment is crucial for optimizing strength, endurance, and coordination during APPLIED SCIENCES Aerobic Fitness, Muscle Efficiency, and Motor Unit Recruitment during Ramp Exercise BOONE, JAN 1,2; KOPPO, KATRIEN 3; BARSTOW, THOMAS J. Type IIa →Type IIx →Type I C. However, as fatigue increases, the recruitment threshold of higher-threshold motor units is progressively reduced (2). Slow motor units are naturally smaller in size, which means they have the lowest activation threshold. Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated (stimulated) by: Jul 28, 2014 · If rotation occurs among almost similar sized motor units, precision will remain unaffected. 1±120. This order of motor unit recruitment is important as it allows small gradual increases in muscle tension during weak contractions (like those for posture maintenance) and large increases in tension when forceful contractions are required during the vigorous movements involved in many sports. The review synthesizes current understanding on motor unit recruitment and rate coding during voluntary contractions, briefly describes the techniques used to record motor unit activity, and then evaluates the adaptations that have been observed in We hypothesized that increases/changes in metabolic responses following the superimposing of NMES would be attenuated during high‐intensity voluntary exercise exceeding the anaerobic threshold because of the overlapping recruitment of motor units/muscle fibers with high‐recruitment thresholds between voluntary exercise and NMES. A motor unit is made up of two parts, one is the motor neuron and the other is the muscle fiber that it innervates. 3 Explain the ‘all or none law’/motor unit recruitment 8. Therefore, these motor units are the first ones to be recruited during muscle movement. -according to size principle, those motor units with smaller cell bodies (slow motor units) will be used first and, overall, more frequently -these motor units with larger cell bodies (fast fatiguable and fast fatigue resistant) will be used last during recruitment and, overall, least frequently The purpose of this brief review is to examine the neural adaptations associated with training, by focusing on the behavior of single motor units. -recruitment of motor units for force production follows the size principle, meaning that smaller motor units are recruited at lower force levels and larger motor units are recruited at higher force levels Acute Adaptations - Muscular Changes -around 80% of ATP production during resistance training comes from glycolysis. Aug 1, 2008 · Here we review what is currently understood about motor unit recruitment patterns, and assess how different recruitment patterns are more or less appropriate for different movement tasks. recruitment threshold relationship were assessed. Recruitment order is important from a practical standpoint for several reasons. non-BFR: -44. Various methods for determining motor unit recruitment patterns are discussed, in particular the recent wavelet-analysis approaches that have allowed motor unit recruitment to be assessed during natural movements. 4 vs. A matter of discussion is the prerequisites for a transformation between the basic muscle fiber Periodization of training is based on the principle that different loads (e. Type IIx →Type IIa →Type I B. Examples of muscle fiber recruitment and de-recruitment during natural movements before and after weight-lifting exercise are presented. We compared resistance training to near volitional failure vs. Muscle recruitment refers to the process by which the nervous system activates specific motor units within a muscle to produce varying degrees of force. Yet, the contribution of neural mechanisms to increases in muscular strength are highly debated. Processes within the nervous system, as well as within the muscles contribute to this fatigue. Purpose We compared resistance training to near Oct 30, 2024 · Aims: Motor unit recruitment and firing rate patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL) have not been compared between sexes during moderate- and high-intensity contraction intensities. The most likely functional role of motor unit synchronization is to increase the rate of force development during rapid Apr 19, 2018 · The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of repeated, high‐ (HT: 70% MVIC) versus low‐torque (LT: 30% MVIC) isometric exercise performed to failure on motor unit (MU) recruitment and firing behavior of the vastus lateralis. However, it remains largely unknown whether the behavior of motor neurons differs between unilateral and bilateral isometric force generation. 2 Describe the principles of muscle contraction 8. Avoid causing supraspinal central nervous system (CNS) fatigue Various types of strength training cause Sep 29, 2011 · When I think of improving or maximizing motor unit recruitment, I don’t think of overall, total body recruitment. e. Aug 21, 2024 · First and foremost, before diving into motor unit recruitment and its importance in training, it is critical to define what a motor unit is. This is particularly true for the involvement of the motor unit, which is the link between neural (activation This would provide motor unit recruitment by neuromechanical matching during both automatic and voluntary breaths with descending drive from bulbospinal and corticospinal projections, respectively, but also allow adaptability of motor unit output in different motor tasks (see Fig. At higher … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All the fibers in one muscle that a simple motor neuron innervates makes up a, An EMG (electromyogram) measures electrical activity, Which type of motor units are activated for the longest time during low to moderate level exercise? and more. Considering that the force control is primarily Feb 28, 2022 · Motor unit discharge rate (MUDR), motor unit recruitment threshold (MURT), motor unit discharge rate variability (MUDRV), MU discharge rate at recruitment vs. Red Slow; Red Fast; White Fast b. #1. Here, we first investigated motor units (MUs) recruitment patterns during unilateral and bilateral force generation. ujo ckero meshcxb gmaxk ybix axceg pjiyp gqfefk qxja rxid